Understanding Acne.

Acne is a prevalent skincare issue that affects both teenagers and adults. While many associate the term with severe outbreaks, acne actually encompasses a variety of types with differing levels of severity. Dr. Christina Harview, a Board-Certified Dermatologist at Medical Dermatology Specialists, an affiliate of U.S. Dermatology Partners in Phoenix, Arizona, notes, “Acne manifests differently in each individual and even varies between breakouts. Dermatologists recognize numerous types of acne to tailor our treatment recommendations. Although the types can overlap and may differ slightly among individuals, understanding the fundamental symptoms of each type can assist people in identifying the most suitable treatment for their acne.” In this section of our website we discusse the essential aspects of acne types and effective treatment options.

Better Understanding Acne

Acne is a common and chronic skin condition resulting from the overproduction of sebum (oil), which is necessary for skin hydration. This excess oil can trap dirt, debris, and dead skin cells in pores and hair follicles, leading to blemishes or pimples. The bacteria within clogged pores can cause inflammation and pain during flare-ups. Dr. Harview explains that, “For adolescents, increased hormone levels often lead to excess sebum production, which is why many develop acne. While acne usually starts as mild for most teens and adults, it can rapidly escalate into a severe condition for some, requiring advanced treatments to prevent lasting scarring and achieve healthier skin.”

Acne breakouts may consist of various types, including:

- Closed Comedones:

Also known as whiteheads, these non-inflammatory lesions occur when pores are blocked beneath the skin's surface.

- Open Comedones

Commonly referred to as blackheads, these occur when pores are clogged with oil, dirt, and debris, oxidizing upon exposure to air and turning black.

- Acneiform Papules:

Typically appearing as small, red bumps, these may be painful to the touch but are not always linked to inflammation.

- Acneiform Pustules:

These develop from papules that do not resolve, forming pimples that may ooze pus if squeezed.

- Nodules:

The first severe form of inflamed acne, nodules are large, hard lumps that may be painful without touch and generally do not contain pus.

- Cysts:

These are large, pus-filled lesions located deep within the skin, representing the most severe type of inflammatory acne. Cysts should only be treated by dermatologists, as improper handling can lead to infection and scarring.

Furthermore, there are four stages of acne severity, which will be outlined in this blog. It's vital to collaborate with a dermatologist to create a personalized treatment plan that caters to your specific skin health needs, as these stages are broad and may not sufficiently determine the best treatment options. However, recognizing the symptoms associated with each acne stage can help you communicate your concerns and skincare needs to your dermatologist more effectively.

Stage 1 – Non-Inflammatory Acne

This stage involves occasional breakouts primarily consisting of closed and open comedones, with few papules or pustules. Non-inflammatory acne mainly affects the face and seldom spreads to the neck, chest, shoulders, or back. Individuals with this type of acne can often manage flare-ups with non-comedogenic skincare products, a targeted treatment plan, and medicated acne solutions. Dr. Harview advises, “For mild acne, the key to clearing breakouts and preventing future ones lies in exfoliation to remove dead skin and manage oil production. Adjustments to your daily skincare routine, like changing exfoliants or increasing exfoliation frequency, can be beneficial. I typically recommend reviewing all skincare products to eliminate anything that contributes to oiliness, and I often suggest prescription creams like retinoids to help reduce skin oil.”

Stage 2 – Severe Non-Inflammatory Acne

This stage features more frequent breakouts, with an increase in blackheads, whiteheads, and the number or severity of papules and pustules. Breakouts remain primarily on the face, occasionally extending to neighboring areas. A well-structured daily skincare routine, developed with your dermatologist, along with targeted breakout treatments, is advised. Dr. Harview mentions, “A dermatologist can help identify suitable prescription or over-the-counter topical medications for more severe acne. These treatments often include benzoyl peroxide or sulfur, which are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, aiding in drying blemishes, eliminating bacteria, and removing dead skin cells. If flare-ups persist or if pustules and papules become painful, dermatologists may recommend more advanced treatments, including oral or topical antibiotics. For some women, hormonal birth control or other non-birth control hormonal medications may be suggested to address acne related to hormonal fluctuations.”

Stage 3 – Inflammatory Acne

Inflammatory acne is characterized by a higher presence of papules and pustules, along with some blackheads and whiteheads. Additionally, nodules and a limited number of cysts may appear. Breakouts occur more frequently and are more likely to spread to other areas, often being painful, red, and sensitive to touch. Prescription oral or topical medications are frequently recommended for this stage. Dr. Harview states, “Oral antibiotics or topical applications may be prescribed to combat bacteria and expedite healing. However, long-term use of antibiotics is discouraged due to the risk of resistance. Retinoids, both prescription and over-the-counter, derived from vitamin A, are used to remove dead skin, enhance cell turnover, combat bacteria, reduce inflammation, and clear pores. Topical retinoids can be particularly beneficial during breakouts to promote faster healing and minimize scarring risk.”

Stage 4 – Severe Inflammatory Acne

This stage is marked by large, inflamed, and sometimes infected nodules and cysts, which are likely to cause scarring and hyperpigmentation. It can affect all areas of the body, not just the face. Dr. Harview explains, “Severe inflammatory acne can lead to chronic breakouts and is often resistant to topical treatments. While topical retinoids may suffice for stage three, severe inflammatory acne typically requires a more aggressive approach. Isotretinoin, commonly known by its brand name Accutane, is an oral retinoid used for this condition, but it comes with side effects and necessitates close professional supervision.”

How Watapana Wellness Can Support Your Skin Health

At Watapana Wellness, we specialize in offering all-natural skincare treatments designed to foster sustainable improvements in your skin's health. Our holistic approach not only enhances the appearance of your skin, making it look healthier and more radiant, but it also helps you feel more self-assured. By utilizing natural ingredients and tailored therapies, we aim to address various skin concerns, including the different stages of acne discussed earlier. Our treatments work in harmony with your skin, promoting a glowing complexion while nurturing your confidence. Trust Watapana Wellness to be your partner in achieving and maintaining beautiful skin naturally.